Bullying is an intentional behavior that hurts, threatens, or intimidates another child. When one child feels superior to another, they may use their power to verbally, physically, or socially bully their peers. This dynamic can happen among children in early childhood education settings, as well as elementary, middle, and high school.  

It’s important for parents to monitor their child’s behavior and watch for signs of bullying, such as social withdrawal, anxiety, or behavioral changes. By identifying the signs early and offering support, parents can help their child feel safe, rebuild confidence, and develop healthy coping skills. 

What Early Childhood Bullying Looks Like

As children develop, certain behaviors can signal they’re being bullied or that they may be bullying others. Kids who bully often show a strong need for control, frequent anger or frustration, and little empathy for others. 

Meanwhile, children who are being bullied may seem more anxious, withdrawn, or hesitant to go to school. Below are a few subtle signs parents can watch for:

Signs of Bullying in Young Children

• Regression in developmental milestones
• Loss of appetite 
• Change in sleep patterns
• Stomachaches 
• School avoidance 
• Losing clothes or toys
• Sudden fearfulness 
• Mood changes 

Signs Your Child May Be Bullying Others

• Difficulty listening to rules
• Name-calling or teasing when playing with others
• Frequent frustration when things don’t go their way 
• Lack of empathy when others are hurt 
• Blaming others instead of taking responsibility 

When the signs of bullying are ignored, the effects can extend far beyond the initial incident. 

Licensed Clinical Psychologist Noa Glick said, “If bullying goes unaddressed there are a number of long term effects to a child. These might include emotional and mental health concerns like depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem. Or you might see poor social skills and difficulty with academics, as well as somatic concerns, substance concerns, and weight issues.”

Why Bullying Happens in Young Children

Bullying in young children often stems from a mix of developmental, environmental, and social factors. At this age, many kids are still learning how to manage emotions, share, and resolve conflicts. 

“Children continue to develop emotional and cognitive skills, including problem solving, empathy, and understanding the perspective of others,” said Dr. Noa Glick. “Young children may also struggle with self-regulation concerns, which can ultimately contribute to aggression or conflict resolution difficulties.” 

These ongoing developmental challenges can make it harder for children to navigate social situations, sometimes leading to behavior that appears aggressive or unkind.

A child’s environment also plays a major role in shaping their behavior. Children who observe harsh communication, inconsistent discipline, or limited empathy may mimic those patterns in their own relationships. Additionally, a lack of supervision, unstable routines, or exposure to stressful situations can make it harder for kids to regulate their emotions or resolve conflicts appropriately. 

In school or during play, peer dynamics can add pressure to fit in or feel in control, especially for children who struggle with insecurity or crave attention. Together, these influences can contribute to bullying behaviors that often reflect unmet emotional needs or underdeveloped social skills.

Strategies to Prevent and Address Bullying

It’s important for parents to take bullying seriously and take action as soon as possible. Providing a safe, calm space for your child to open up about what’s happening is the first step. Experts recommend asking open-ended questions, listening calmly, and praising your child for telling you about what happened. 

Parents can collaborate with their child’s school to address a bullying situation. Early intervention helps prevent patterns from becoming more serious over time. If bullying behaviors continue, it’s important for parents to seek support rather than handle it alone. Reaching out to teachers can provide insight into what’s happening during the school day and help establish consistent expectations across environments.

Supporting a Child Who Has Been Bullied

When a child is vulnerable enough to talk about feeling hurt or overwhelmed, parents can offer strong, lasting support by validating those emotions. Start by listening without interruption and reassuring them that their emotions are normal. 

Parents can also try using low pressure check-ins after school and before bedtime to encourage their child to talk about what’s on their mind. Dr. Glick emphasizes the importance of building trust. 

“First, it is important to have a proactive relationship with your children so that when a problem does occur, they are more likely to confide in you about their difficulties,” she said.

When parents maintain an open, trusting relationship, kids feel safer expressing their experiences instead of holding things in. Dr. Glick adds that parents should help their children understand what bullying is, why it’s wrong, and “how they can remove themselves from the situation.”

She also said, “Sometimes it is important to involve administration and communicate with others to receive support from the school.” 

By creating a calm, nonjudgmental environment, parents show their children that they’re not alone and that there are adults ready to advocate for their safety and well-being.

Anti-Bullying Resources for Main Line Parents

Anti-bullying resources can be essential because they give children and parents tools, advice, and a safe space to prevent harmful behaviors. Below is a list of helpful resources for parents seeking extra guidance or support when navigating childhood bullying.

Teach Anti Bullying: This nonprofit provides school-wide assemblies, parent workshops, and educator training to prevent bullying and school violence. They strive to help create safer, more supportive environments for children from Pre-K to grade 12. 

Stand Tall, Molly Lou Melon by Patty Lovell: A children’s picture book that encourages self-acceptance and resilience by showing how the main character embraces her differences and stands up confidently to bullies.

PACER Center: Offers free, online resources, guides, and activities for kids, parents, and educators to help recognize bullying, support victims, and teach empathy, inclusion, and how to intervene. 

StopBullying.gov: A government-run site that provides clear, reliable information on how to identify, prevent, and respond to bullying and cyberbullying. It offers practical tips and resources for kids, parents, and educators in one easy place.

STOMP Out Bullying: A leading national nonprofit dedicated to preventing bullying and cyberbullying, promoting inclusion, and offering support through peer-mentoring, education, and help lines for youth at risk.

Journeys with June by Emily Gatto: This children’s book series uses therapist-informed stories and calming techniques to help young kids understand and manage big emotions, build resilience, and strengthen their connections.

Helping Every Child Feel Safe and Seen

Early intervention matters and paying attention to your child’s behavior can help you spot concerns early. Encourage open conversations, teach empathy, and model respectful, anti-bullying behavior at home. With steady support and guidance, children can feel safe, confident, and better prepared to handle challenges.

Lead photo courtesy of Canva.